The variance between Masorah and Septuagint texts in this numeration is likely enough due to a gradual neglect of the original poetic form of the Psalms such neglect was occasioned by liturgical uses and carelessness of copyists. Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic translations use the Greek numbering (noting the Hebrew number).Modern Catholic translations often use the Hebrew numbering (noting the Greek number).Catholic official liturgical texts, such as the Roman Missal, use the Greek numbering.Protestant translations ( Lutheran, Anglican, Calvinist) use the Hebrew numbering, but other Christian traditions vary: Psalms are usually identified by a sequence number, often preceded by the abbreviation "Ps." Numbering of the Psalms differs-mostly by one-between the Hebrew ( Masoretic) and Greek (Septuagint) manuscripts. The Septuagint also attributes several Psalms (like 112 and 135) to Ezekiel and Jeremiah. The Septuagint, the Peshitta (the Syriac Vulgate), and the Latin Vulgate each associate several Psalms (such as 111 and 145) with Haggai and Zechariah. Others named include Asaph (12), the sons of Korah (11), Solomon (2), Moses (1), Ethan the Ezrahite (1), and Heman the Ezrahite (1). Many carry the names of individuals, the most common (73 psalms-75 if including the two Psalms attributed by the New Testament to David) being 'of David', and thirteen of these relate explicitly to incidents in the king's life. Others appear to be references to types of musical composition, such as "A psalm" and "Song", or directions regarding the occasion for using the psalm ("On the dedication of the temple", "For the memorial offering", etc.). Over a third appear to be musical directions, addressed to the "leader" or "choirmaster", including such statements as "with stringed instruments" and "according to lilies". Many psalms (116 of the 150) have individual superscriptions (titles), ranging from lengthy comments to a single word. These divisions were probably introduced by the final editors to imitate the five-fold division of the Torah: The Book of Psalms is divided into five sections, each closing with a doxology (i.e., a benediction). Structure Īn 1880 Baxter process illustration of Psalm 23, from the Religious Tract Society's magazine The Sunday at Home Sections In the Quran, the Arabic word Zabur is used for in reference to the psalms. The Hebrew name of the book, Tehillim (תהילים), means “praises,” as it contains many praises and supplications to God.
In English, the title of the book is derived from the Greek word ψαλμοί ( psalmoi), meaning "instrumental music" and, by extension, "the words accompanying the music". The psalms were written from the time of the Israelite conquest of Canaan to the post-exilic period and the book was probably compiled and edited into its present form during the post-exilic period in the 5th century BC. While many of the psalms contain attributions to the name of King David and other Biblical figures including Asaph, the sons of Korah, and Solomon, David's authorship is not accepted by most modern Bible scholars, who instead attribute the composition of the psalms to various authors writing between the 9th and 5th centuries BC. The book also includes psalms of communal thanksgiving, wisdom, pilgrimage and other categories. There are several types of psalms, including hymns or songs of praise, communal and individual laments, royal psalms and individual thanksgivings. The book is divided into five sections, each ending with a doxology, or a hymn of praise. In the Jewish and Western Christian traditions, there are 150 psalms, and several more in the Eastern Christian churches. The book is an anthology of Hebrew religious hymns. "praises"), also known as the Psalms, or the Psalter, is the first book of the third section of the Hebrew Bible called Ketuvim ("Writings"), and a book of the Old Testament. The Book of Psalms ( / s ɑː( l) m z/ SAH(L)MZ or / s ɔː( l) m z/ SAW(L)MZ Hebrew: תְּהִלִּים, Tehillim, lit.
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